2. A person may be considered a victim under this statement whether or not the offender is identified, arrested, prosecuted or convicted and regardless of the family relationship between the offender and the victim. The term “victim” includes, where applicable, immediate family members or dependents of the direct victim and persons who have been harmed by intervening to assist victims in need or to prevent victimization. Deferred communication rule A legal doctrine that suspends the statute of limitations during periods when victims have not discovered or could not have discovered the injuries that would give rise to their cause of action against the accused or perpetrator had they exercised due diligence. Shelter/Shelter Short-term emergency accommodation for individuals and families after victimization. Crisis Intervention Communication between professionals and victims on victimization activities. These include measures needed to expedite the consideration of a victim protection case, legal action necessary to protect the victim, such as revocation of probation, etc. Victimization is the result of intentional acts by a person or institution aimed at exploiting, oppressing or harming others, or at illegally destroying or acquiring the property or possessions of others. The Latin word victima means “sacrificial animal,” but the term sacrifice has evolved to encompass a variety of purposes, including oneself, another person, a household, a business, the state, or the environment.
The act committed by the offender is usually a violation of a criminal or civil law, but does not necessarily have to violate a law. Harm may include psychological or emotional harm, physical or sexual harm, or economic loss. Identity theft, fraud or financial crime Identity theft occurs when an individual illegally obtains another person`s personal information without their knowledge in order to commit theft or fraud. Fraud and financial crime include illegal acts that are characterized by deception, concealment or breach of trust and do not depend on the use or threat of physical violence or violence. Individuals and organizations commit these acts in order to obtain money, goods or services; to avoid payment or loss of money or services; or for personal or professional benefit. (c) provide adequate assistance to victims throughout the judicial process; Information and referrals Informing victims about the criminal justice system and the criminal process could include information on how a police report is filed, a protection order is sought, or how a matter could move through the justice system. This service includes an explanation of legal terminology. In addition, this includes post-conviction services and information to assist with property restitution. Parental responsibility A legal doctrine that holds parents civilly liable for their children`s misdemeanours and crimes. Sexual assault Includes a wide range of victims or crimes that include attacks or attempted attacks, which usually involve unwanted sexual contact between the victim and the perpetrator. Sexual assault may or may not involve violence and include things like grabbing, fondling, and verbally threatening.
Also included is rape, which is defined as penetration of any kind into the vagina or anus with a body part or object, or oral penetration into a sexual organ by another person without the consent of the victim; may also include the penetration of a sexual organ into the mouth by another person. Grounds Legal basis for a civil action. Rescue doctrine A legal doctrine that allows you to recover from injuries sustained while assisting or assisting others in danger. It is used as an antidote to defend risk-taking. Coordination of assistance for initial rental fees, deposits, deposits and/or moving costs. This includes assistance in finding long-term housing for the victim, regardless of distance, based on safety needs. (8) Offenders or third parties responsible for their conduct should, where appropriate, fairly compensate victims, their families or dependants. Such restitution should include restitution of property or payment for damage or loss suffered, reimbursement of costs incurred as a result of victimization, provision of services and restoration of rights. The reasons why revictimization occurs vary by type of event, and some mechanisms are unknown. Short-term re-victimization is often the result of risk factors already present that have not been modified or mitigated after the first victimization; Sometimes the victim cannot control these factors. Examples of these risk factors include living or working in hazardous areas, chaotic family relationships, aggressive temperament, drug or alcohol use, and unemployment. [5] Revictimization can be “facilitated, tolerated and even produced by certain institutional contexts, demonstrating that the risk of victimization is neither a characteristic of the individual nor a destiny.” [7] Abduction (custody): Occurs when a parent or guardian deprives another parent of their legal right to custody or access of a minor by unlawfully removing the child.
The definition and penalties for abduction vary from state to state. In some states, abductions only occur when a child is removed from the state and/or when an existing custody order is intentionally violated. Legal doctrine that has now been changed in most jurisdictions that negligence on the part of the plaintiff/victim excludes civil actions against the defendant/perpetrator. Response Official written responses to respondents/authors in response to the plaintiff`s complaints. Such pleadings may negate some or all of the allegations; You can take defensive measures such as self-defense or risk-taking, or claim that even if all of the plaintiff`s claims are true, there is no liability. These pleadings are usually accompanied by legal notes and oral arguments. The names of the briefs differ according to the case law. The terms “Demurrage”, “Applications for Summary Ruling”, “Applications for Dismissing Proceedings” and “Replies” are descriptions of an admissible pleading. This glossary of criminal victimization is a compilation of terms and definitions provided in various OVC resources, including: (2) helping victims stabilize their lives after victimization; Revictimization has also been characterized as a phenomenon in which children depicted in child pornography feel that the depicted event occurs each time the image is viewed. [8] Each time the image is viewed, children relive the experience as if it were repeating itself. [9] [10] As the images are viewed over and over again,[11] children feel violated again and again or are as if they have been raped,[12] again and again.
[13] [14] Victimization (or victimization) is the process of becoming or becoming a victim. The domain that studies the process, rates, incidence, effects and prevalence of victimization is called victimology. The list of terms, their sources and links to other information are provided for reference purposes only and should not be construed as exhaustive in the field of victims of crime, victimology or criminology. Risk management A legal doctrine that may exempt the offender from liability for injuries sustained by victims if the offender voluntarily found himself in a situation with knowledge of the foreseeable risk of injury. Provide temporary housing for victims who, due to the nature of victimization, cannot safely return to their previous housing and require more time to stabilize before living independently. A legal doctrine which provides that, in certain cases, the criminal conviction of the perpetrators is considered evidence of the legal responsibility of these offenders in civil actions brought by the offender`s victims. Secondary victimization (also called victimization after crime [2] or double victimization [3]) refers to other accusations of victims by criminal justice agencies following an initial victimization report. [2] The term re-victimization refers to a pattern in which the victim of abuse and/or crime has a statistically higher tendency to become a victim again either shortly thereafter[4] or much later in adulthood in the case of childhood maltreatment.
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