Common bolts run the entire distance between the top and bottom plates. Car bolts are short bolts above and below window and door openings. Post bolts occur on both sides of an opening. Secondary post bolts are used to support a lintel at each end. Wooden wall frames are usually 90 or 70 mm deep with 35 or 45 mm thick bolts (depending on load and distance) arranged at a central spacing of 450 or 600 mm. Spacers are inserted between the bolts to provide lateral support. The top and bottom panels are usually 90x45mm in size and can be doubled (in thickness) depending on the load or distance between the load-bearing floor elements. Insulation is usually placed between structural elements (e.g., bolts, plates and noggings). Learn more about homes and renovations here. Notches pass horizontally between the bolts, usually halfway between the upper and lower plates. Their function is to give lateral rigidity to the bolts and also to fix the wall coverings. The top panel runs along the top of the wall frame and supports the roof and ceiling beams. If additional strength is required, the top plate can be constructed from two pieces of wood, such as two 90 x 35 to produce a 90 x 70 top plate.
Bolts are the vertical bars between the top and bottom plates. They determine the height of the frame and ensure the bearing capacity of the loads applied above. They also provide a mounting bracket for wall coverings. The type of bracing used is determined by the force that the wall has to withstand. This is calculated taking into account the wind speed to which the vessel may be exposed, which is known as wind load. Wall frames are designed to support the ceiling and roof of the building and are also an attachment point for wall panels. The main structural parts of a wall frame are presented below. Bracing is used to provide stiffness against longitudinal distortion – so-called shelving – in the wall frame. There are several ways to brace a wall frame, including using a steel stand or flat tape as a diagonal spacer or plywood panels as sheet metal bracing. Lightweight timber construction usually consists of frame and braced structures on which a coating is applied. Lightweight wood construction, which is used in single-family and multi-family homes, offers flexibility and a wide range of cost-effective design options. Go to the factory and find a finished wall frame that has all the following parts.
Record your answers to the questions for each of the parts. Click on the link for more information on wind loads and stiffeners. See also the next lesson: constraints in wall frames. If openings occur in the wall frame, such as a window, the load above the opening is supported by a lintel. The size of the cross-section of the lintel depends on the span and load that the drop must support. If your trainer has asked you to email your answers for review, you can also take a digital photo of the wall frame with a mobile phone or camera and attach it as well.
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