Each jurisdiction has a locally elected parliament with broad, but not unlimited, autonomy. The British monarchy retains responsibility for the defence, citizenship and foreign affairs of the dependent territories and has delegated this responsibility to the British Government and Parliament. The British Parliament usually acts in consultation or seeks the consent of the local government when passing laws that are effective in dependencies. Residents of dependent territories are not represented in the UK Parliament. British law does not apply to dependencies unless explicitly stated, and these laws are almost always enforced by the monarch in the form of a decree. The question of whether the British Parliament retains the power to pass laws against the will of local governments is controversial and has been tested with the Marine, &c., Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967. Some administrative law courts have jurisdiction throughout the UK, particularly those dealing with immigration – the Higher Court (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) and the Special Immigration Appeal Commission – military and national security, competition and intellectual property, and a few others. Similarly, the Employment Appeal Tribunal has jurisdiction throughout the United Kingdom, but not in Northern Ireland. Most of the countries that have become independent of Britain are no longer subject to the British Parliament, the monarchy or the courts. They consist of a mixture of republics (e.g., Ireland and India) and local monarchies (e.g., Kuwait and Brunei) unrelated to the Royal House of Windsor. Colonies and possessions were created in various circumstances and separated from the United Kingdom, resulting in a range of influences from British law to domestic law. The sources of Northern Irish law are Irish customary law and statutory law. Among the latter, the statutes of the parliaments of Ireland, the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland are in force, and more recently the statutes of the decentralised assembly.
The courts of Northern Ireland are governed by the Court of Justice of Northern Ireland, which consists of the Court of Appeal of Northern Ireland, the High Court of Justice of Northern Ireland and the Court of the Crown of Northern Ireland. Among them are the regional courts and the courts of first instance. The Supreme Court is the country`s highest court for criminal and civil complaints in Northern Ireland, and any decision it makes is binding on any other court in the same jurisdiction and often has a convincing effect in its other jurisdictions. English law is the common law system of England and Wales, which consists mainly of criminal law and civil law, with each branch having its own courts and procedures. [1] [2] [3] Since 1189, English law has been a common law, not a civil law system; In other words, there has been no complete codification of the law, and judicial precedents are binding and unconvincing. This could be a legacy of the Norman conquest of England, when a number of legal concepts and institutions of Norman law were introduced into England. In the early centuries of English common law, judges and judges were tasked with adapting the writ system to day-to-day needs and applying a mixture of precedent and common sense to build a uniform law internally. An example is the Law Merchant, derived from the “pie powder” courts, named after a corruption of the French powdered feet (“dusty feet”), involving ad hoc market courts. The law of Northern Ireland is a common law system. It is administered by the courts of Northern Ireland, with possible appeal to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom in civil and criminal matters. The law of Northern Ireland is very similar to English law in that the common law rules were imported into the Kingdom of Ireland under English rule.
However, there are important differences. The courts of England and Wales are governed by the Higher Courts of England and Wales, which consist of the Court of Appeal, the High Court of Justice (for civil matters) and the Crown Court (for criminal cases). The Supreme Court is the highest court in the country for criminal and civil appeal cases in England and Wales (including Northern Ireland cases and civil cases in Scottish law), and any decision it makes is binding on any other court in the same jurisdiction and often has a convincing effect in its other jurisdictions. On appeal, a court may overturn the decisions of its subordinate courts such as district courts (civil courts) and district courts (criminal law). The High Court may also set aside judicial review of government administrative decisions and delegated legislation. Prior to the creation of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom in October 2009, the Supreme Appellate Body was the Appeal Committee of the House of Lords (generally referred to only as the “House of Lords”). [3] Probably the strangest thing about the British legal system is that Britain has an unwritten constitution. This is something the UK shares with only four other countries: Israel, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia and Canada, and even these countries have more of a written constitution than Britain. For example, Canada has the Constitution of Canada, it is just that it explains that the Canadian Constitution “is in principle similar to that of the United Kingdom”; In other words, they have a written constitution to explain that their constitution is not written. The constitution of Saudi Arabia has been declared the Qur`an, which is written decisively, but not exactly a constitution in the traditional sense of the term. It should be noted that while two of the other four countries with unwritten constitutions are former British colonies, this leaves many other former British colonies who have decided that the UK is not a good model in this regard.
From the above discussion of inquisitorial and adversarial systems, you will have already seen that the use of judges and juries in the UK may differ from that of other countries around the world. But there may be more differences than you think. Trial before a jury of peers is an old right and tradition in the UK. In the early Middle Ages, jury trials involved 12 men in good standing who assessed the crime and took on the role of finding evidence and deciding what evidence was presented at trial. This was done by Henry II in the 12th century. In the Magna Carta, which stipulated that no fines would be imposed for crimes “except by the affidavit of respected men of the neighborhood.” Laws can be defined as the rules that govern people`s behavior in a civilized society. Unlike scientific laws, which are derived from the observation of the material universe and are immutable (although our knowledge of them may change), legal laws are decided and explained by humans and can be modified by subsequent human intervention. This is true regardless of whether the justification for the law is religious, philosophical, or political. Some countries gained independence through an Act of the British Parliament (e.dem Statute of Westminster of 1931) and also departed from British law under or under British rule.
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